Figure A: Conceptual framework of UC-MSC support in knee osteoarthritis. The proposed mechanisms include paracrine signaling, inflammatory modulation, chondrocyte survival support, cartilage microenvironment regulation, and tissue-repair communication. Clinical response may vary and should be evaluated through imaging review, functional assessment, rehabilitation progress, and follow-up monitoring. A Closer Look at the Underlying Mechanisms of Knee OA […]
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