Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising field in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), aiming to repair or replace cells in the central nervous system affected by the disease. This overview summarizes current research and developments in the use of stem cells for managing MS.
What is Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Therapy?
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells or bone marrow stromal cells, are adult stem cells capable of generating various cell types, including muscle, cartilage, and nerve cells. Stem cells therapy seeks to “reset” the patient’s immune system and reduce inflammation, which are critical factors in active, recurrent forms of MS. However, these stem cells are not designed to directly repair nerve damage or regenerate tissues in the brain and spinal cord.
Understanding Stem Cell Therapy
The term “stem cell therapy” encompasses a range of procedures involving stem cells or their derivatives. For MS, different types of stem cells and treatment approaches are being investigated, each with unique properties and potential applications.
Currently, most of these therapies remain in the experimental stage, being evaluated through clinical trials. Among them, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is the only therapy with sufficient evidence to justify its use outside clinical trials. This treatment has demonstrated potential benefits, risks, and side effects, making it the most researched and viable option for MS patients at present.
Types of Stem Cells Used in MS Research
What Does the Evidence Show?
Research on mesenchymal stem cell therapy for MS is still in its early stages, with a limited number of clinical trials being conducted worldwide. Initial results from studies involving animals and early-phase human trials suggest that MSCs may help modulate the immune system. Importantly, early-phase trials involving small groups of patients have not reported serious adverse events or fatalities.
Despite some reports and case studies of individuals experiencing early or temporary benefits, the evidence remains insufficient to confirm long-term improvements or overall effectiveness in treating MS. Further research is necessary to establish the potential of stem cells and other stem cell therapies as viable treatments for the condition.
Conclusion
While stem cell therapy for MS shows promise, most approaches are still under investigation. Among the various options, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) currently stands out as the most supported treatment outside of clinical trials. Advances in stem cell research continue to offer hope for more effective and sustainable therapies for MS in the future.