UC-MSC stem cell therapy offers a promising avenue for preserving or restoring vision in advanced stages of retinal degeneration, even after photoreceptor cells have begun to degenerate. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials are exploring the use of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as other types of stem cells such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, for treating retinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) and Degenerate eye disorders, such as glaucoma, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Researchers focused on eye diseases have long recognized that stem cells possess qualities that could aid in the repair of retinal cells. For instance, they release molecules that protect neural cells and reduce inflammation. However, using stem cells for treating eye conditions presents challenges, considering the complexity of the eye as these cells often have difficulty migrating to the eye and integrating into the retina.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Role in Retinal Repair
Stem cells are specialized cells that facilitate the renewal of tissues in the human body and activate regeneration processes in response to injury. They can divide and differentiate into specific cell types that carry out the essential functions of various organs and tissues. These cells are typically found throughout the body. Scientists can extract and cultivate stem cells from the umbilical cord, utilizing them to treat various diseases and conditions associated with cell loss, degradation, and tissue damage.
Among the different types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly valuable due to their ease of isolation from various sources, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are taken from a donor’s umbilical cord, offering an advantage over harvesting stem cells from an individual’s own bone marrow or fat tissue, which can be less effective. Additionally, UC-MSCs are considered “baby” stem cells since they originate from a newborn’s umbilical cord.
MSCs have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in animal models and clinical studies for treating a range of degenerative disorders, including ocular conditions. Mesenchymal stem cells have established their ability to modulate the immune system and inflammatory responses, along with their neuroprotective properties.
Several mechanisms explain MSCs’ effectiveness in treating eye disorders. In vitro, MSCs can directly differentiate into retinal neuron cells. When introduced stem cells into the body, they promote tissue repair by protecting cells from cell death, modulating inflammation, and stimulating the formation of new blood vessels through the release of secretory molecules. Research has shown that MSCs produce and secrete growth factors, cytokines, mRNA, and other biologically active molecules that contribute to their functional benefits.
Stem Cell Treatment Procedure
Before undergoing stem cell treatment, it is essential for the patient to have a thorough checkup and consult with a specialist to determine the most suitable therapy tailored to their individual needs and health status.
Once the stem cells have been harvested and cultured, they are delivered to the clinic or hospital, where they can be administered to the patient in two ways for stem cell treatment: through an IV drip and/or directly to the eye area.
Conclusion
Vision disorders encompass a wide range of diseases and conditions that lead to pathological changes in the eye, particularly in the retina. For many patients, the degeneration of affected cells is irreversible, making recovery of vision impossible. While stem cell treatment for retinal issues is not a cure all, clinical trials have demonstrated promising results in maintaining eye health and facilitating improvement. The advancement of stem cell therapies offers hope for enhanced vision in these patients; however, it is crucial to consult a doctorand conduct thorough personal research.